نشریه مطالعات کاربردی علوم زیستی در ورزش
پیاپی 25 (بهار 1402)

Imbalance of some microRNAs and its cell apoptosis has an important role in myocardial infarction. Based on the role of curcumin supplementation and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on myocardial infarction, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these types of training and supplementation on left ventricular gene expression levels of miR-133 and miR-1 in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rat model.

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as: HIIT, curcumin, HIIT+curcumin and control groups, following induction of MI via intraperitoneal injection of isopretrenol (100 mg/kg/day) within two consecutive days. The HIIT protocol was performed during eight weeks (five sessions per week), each session was consisted of 10 bouts of running occasions (each for four min) at 85 - 90% of vVo2max with two min rest intervals at 50 to 60% of vVO2max. Moreover, Curcumin (15 mg/kg) was administered daily via gavage. The gene expression levels of miR-1 and miR-133 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR method and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of p<0.05.

Although, in all three intervention groups of HIIT, curcumin and HIIT+curcumin, the cardiomyocytes miR-1 gene expression level was significantly lower (p=0.001), while miR-133 expression level was higher (p=0.001) than control group. However, gene expression in both variables after HIIT+curcumin showed more changes than curcumin group (p=0.006 and p=0.01 respectively).

Probably, curcumin supplementation along with HIIT training after myocardial infarction is associated with improvement of cardiac function; but due to research limitations, more research is needed.

The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with curcumin consumption on inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome still is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT along with curcumin consumption on plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in men with type II diabetes along with hyperlipidemia.

60 men with type II diabetes and hyperlipidemia (BMI: 31.09 ± 1.51 kg/m2) were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n=15) including HIIT, HIIT+curcumin consumption, curcumin consumption, and placebo-control. HIIT intervention and consumption of 2100 mg of curcumin were performed three times a day for 12 weeks. Sampling was performed 24 hours before the pre-test and 48 hours after the last session. Consequently, IL-6, TNF-alpha and CRP were assayed by ELISA method. Results were extracted using two-way analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test at the significance level of p<0.05.

The results showed that the most significant changes were observed in body mass index with 5.78% decrease (p=0.0001), body fat percentage with 20.62% decrease (p=0.002) and maximum oxygen consumption with 11.74% increase (p=0.04) in the HIIT+curcumin consumption group. Moreover, the interaction effect of HIIT and curcumin consumption significantly decreased TNF-alpha (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0.01) and CRP (p=0.02). The main effect of HIIT significantly decreased TNF-alpha (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0.02) and CRP (p=0.03). Also, the main effect of curcumin significantly decreased TNF-alpha (p=0.04), IL-6 (p=0.03) and CRP (p=0.03). The most significant decrease from pre-test to post-test in TNF-alpha (7.87%, p=0.0001), IL-6 (23.09%, p=0.0001) and CRP (53.75%, p=0.0001) was observed in the HIIT+curcumin consumption group.

It seems that the HIIT along with curcumin consumption further improves the inflammatory markers of men with type II diabetes along with hyperlipidemia status compared to the effect of each alone.

Exercise training along with green coffee consumption can be considered as an important strategy to control obesity. The aim of present study was to compare the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise trainings along with green coffee supplement on serum levels of irisin, myonectin and insulin resistance in obese women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 60 women with a range of 25 ± 5 years old and body mass index of 30 ± 5 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into five groups (n=12) as aerobic training+supplement, resistance training+supplement, combination training+supplement, supplement and control. The intensity of aerobic training was considered 50 to 75% of the maximal heart rate and for resistance training it was 55 to 70% of one maximum repetition. Trainings were performed for three days per week during eight weeks. During the same period, green coffee was consumed at a dose of 400 mg daily before dinner. Fasting blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. For statistical analysis the covariance and Bonferroni tests were applied for results extraction at the significant level of p<0.05.

Serum levels of irisin and myonectin in the both exercised and consumed green coffee, significantly increased as compared to pre-exercise and other groups. Moreover, insulin resistance significantly decreased after aerobic and combination training along with supplement compared to other groups and even before pre-exercise; however, after resistance training and supplement, its amount increased compared to other groups.

All three exercises performed together with green coffee supplement, could increase myokines such as irisin and myonectin, in addition it can affecting body composition and weight losing, and also improve insulin action and reduced insulin resistance. However, combined exercise and aerobic training with supplementation produced greater improvements in insulin and insulin resistance compared to resistance training with supplementation.

Gastrointestinal symptoms (increased intestinal damage, permeability & endotoxemia) are common and a limiting factor in acute, and prolonged strenuous exercises. Based on the ambiguous acute and chronic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gastrointestinal function, this study was conducted to identify the effect of one-session and eight-week HIIT on some gastrointestinal syndrome markers in female athletes.

Twenty athlete’s girls participated in a quasi-experimental design that were allocated into equal groups: the control group (n=10) and HIIT (n=10). The single-session sports protecol consisted of 18 times of running 400 meters with an intensity of 100 to 110% of the maximal oxygen consumption, which increased from nine to 18 repetitions of 400 meters during the training period (eight weeks). Blood samples were collected immediately before and two hours after exercise protocols. Serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), Zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) markers were assessed using ELISA method. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Wilcoxon at a significance level of p<0.05.

One-session acute HIIT induced a significant decrease in IgM, and increases in I-FABP, Zonulin and LPS concentrations at the beginning and end of the training period (p<0.05). However, the acute increased response in Zonulin at the beginning; and Zonulin and IgM at the end of the training period returned to baseline levels after two hours of recovery. The LPS and IgM concentrations differences between the control and HIIT groups were not significant after eight weeks of training (p>0.05).

An acute HIIT session may increase permeability of I-FABP and gastrointestinal endotoxemia. However, the positive adaptations resulting from HIIT (eight weeks) can improve the exercise-induced response of intestinal integrity markers in female athletes.

The cardiovascular disease is due to the some disorders in the cell death as the form of abnormal increased or decreased. Exercise is a strong physiological stimulus that directly or indirectly affects the process of apoptosis by means of a number of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise in water on the genes expression of Apaf-1, cytochrome C and caspase-9 in heart tissue of rats which were injected with hydrogen peroxide.

Twenty four male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 190±10 grams were randomly divided into four groups including hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide+training, sham and control groups. The aerobic exercise protocol were performed with duration of 60 minutes in each session, six weeks and five days per week in water. All groups, except the control and sham groups, were injected intraperitoneally with one mill mole of hydrogen peroxide. Forty eight hours after the last training session with 10 to 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized with CO2 gas and their tissues were dissected. In order to measure genes expression using the Real Time-PCR method, one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe’s post hoc tests were applied for data analysis at significance level of p≤0.05.

The results indicated that intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen peroxide increased the genes expression of the internal apoptotic pathway compared to the sham and control groups (p=0.0001); while by adding six weeks of aerobic exercise in water, genes expression of Apaf-1, cytochrome C, and caspase-9 in the hydrogen peroxide+training group was significantly decreased compared to the hydrogen peroxide group (p=0001).

It appears that aerobic exercise in water reduces the undesirable effects of apoptosis of heart tissue, less cytopathic and ultimately, it causes health of the body.

The results of researches in the field of the effect of neuromuscular fatigue on muscle co-contraction are inconsistent and unclear. The cause of these contradictions can probably be seen as a result of the difference in the type of fatigue protocols in terms of the training load during resistance activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of two protocols of fatigue caused by strength and endurance repetitions in resistance activity on muscle co-contraction during leg press movement.

Ten healthy active women (age: 24.2 ± 7.97 years) participated in this study. The participants referred to the laboratory in three separate sessions. In the first session, the amount of weight was determined for one repetition maximum (1RM) in the leg press movement. The second and third sessions, strength and endurance fatigue protocols in leg press movement were performed by the subjects with 90 and 50% of 1RM, respectively. The electrical activity of four selected muscles (rectus femoris, vastua lateralis, vastus medialis and biceps femoris) during leg press movement was recorded by a wireless electromyography device (Noraxon). The co-contraction of the muscles in three repetitions of the set of repetitions of leg presses (before fatigue, middle and exhaustion) was calculated for each subject and entered into statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Co-contraction of rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles (p<0.03), vastus lateralis and biceps femoris (p<0.01), as well as vastus medialis and biceps femoris (p<0.01) significantly decreased due to fatigue. However, the co-contraction value of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles did not change significantly due to fatigue. The mentioned changes were the same in both types of fatigue protocols due to strength and endurance repetitions (p>0.05).

Both types of fatigue protocols induced by strength and endurance repetitions in resistance activity led to a decrease in co-contraction in three pairs of four selected muscle pairs. The important finding of the present study was the lack of difference in the effect of fatigue protocol caused by strength and endurance repetitions on muscle co-contraction.